[Yoda]

It occurs to me that Basic Motion includes the study of the Primary Lever and the mechanics of Hinging. So, the Left Arm moves independent of the stationary Pivot. If the Left Arm is glued to the torso, then Hinge Action isn't available.

Daryl,

As presented in Stage One of the Basic Motion Curriculum (12-5-1), you are absolutely correct. However . . .

Readers may be interested to know that, in practice, the three Hinge Action Clubface Motions through Impact (Full Roll, Half Roll and No Roll) "can also be duplicated (exactly) with Wrists only, Arms only or Body only manipulations using Minor Basic Strokes" [7-10].

The Minor Basic Strokes describe the Arm Motions (or lack thereof) in the Short Shots. For example, the Peck Minor Basic Stroke (10-3-F) is a 'Wrist-Action only' Stroke, i.e., no Arm Swing. Lacking the Arm Motion to provide the Hinging Action, it requires a different Grip Type (10-2-D for Angled and Vertical Hinging versus 10-2-B for Horizontal Hinging).

Another Minor Basic Stroke that features 'no Arm Swing' is Paw (10-3-H). The polar opposite of Peck, this Stroke has zero Wrist Action and moves the Club only by 'rocking' the Body. Specifically, the player uses the Rotated Shoulder Turn (10-13-C) to create either Vertical or Angled Hinging.